Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting of Pileated Woodpecker Cavity Surveys along the Pathways Carbon Capture and Sequestration Pipeline to Support Tools for Managing Nest Cavities in the Oil Sands

Pileated woodpecker (PIWO) cavities are ecologically significant, serving as nesting sites for dozens of other species, and now require a 36-month vacancy before any disturbance is permitted. The project’s main objective is to enhance the ability to locate and manage human activities around PIWO nests to support compliance and conservation efforts. This was accomplished by updating an existing PIWO habitat model with data from remote sensing and point counts, then validating the predictive model using field-based surveys. These surveys were conducted along the proposed COSIA carbon sequestration pipeline, with an additional 12 hectares in the Horizon mine area.

The study found that broadleaf forest cover was the strongest predictor of Pileated Woodpecker drumming activity, with a sharp increase in probability when deciduous cover exceeded 75%. Canopy height and its variability also played key roles, with taller and more structurally diverse forests showing higher detection rates. Additionally, the Distance Red and SWIR (DRS) spectral index—linked to tree senescence—was positively associated with drumming, indicating that aging forest conditions may enhance habitat suitability.